Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Spherical Lanthanum-Doped Hydroxyapatite from Phosphogypsum Waste: A High-Efficiency Strategy for Fluoride Removal in Aqueous Solutions

To address the environmental challenges posed by massive phosphogypsum (PG) stockpiles and groundwater fluoride contamination, this study developed an eco-friendly strategy for synthesizing lanthanum-doped hydroxyapatite (La-PGHAP) from PG waste via an acid precipitation-hydrothermal method. The synthesized La-PGHAP exhibited a spherical morphology, high crystallinity, and a significantly enhanced specific surface area of 53.11 m²/g. Batch adsorption experiments revealed that pH critically influenced fluoride (F⁻) removal, with maximum adsorption capacities of 8.20 mg/g (PGHAP) and 31.98 mg/g (La-PGHAP) at pH 4. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating chemisorption-dominated monolayer adsorption. La doping introduced Lewis acid-base interactions through La³⁺–F⁻ coordination, improving both adsorption capacity and stability across a wide pH range (2–10). Reusability tests demonstrated that La-PGHAP retained 85.4% of its initial capacity after 4 cycles. This “waste-to-waste” approach not only repurposes PG into a high-efficiency adsorbent but also provides a sustainable solution for mitigating fluoride pollution, showcasing significant potential for industrial-scale water treatment applications.

Distinguishing IGBT Open-Circuit Faults from DoS-Induced Anomalies in Smart Grids

This paper investigates anomaly diagnosis for grid-tied three-phase inverters in cyber–physical smart grids, with an emphasis on distinguishing physical IGBT open-circuit physical faults from anomalies induced by denial-of-service (DoS) cyber-attacks. A super-twisting-based second-order interval sliding-mode observer is developed to estimate three-phase currents with bounded errors in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances. Based on analytical residual relationships, fault localization is achieved using the residual sign pattern and magnitude ratios for single-switch and same-leg double-switch open-circuit faults. In contrast, DoS-induced anomalies primarily manifest as effective current attenuation without deterministic residual sign or ratio patterns, enabling fault-type discrimination. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves reliable anomaly diagnosis within one fundamental cycle, without requiring additional sensors or training data.

Thick and Thin Roots—Rights of Nature in Germany and New Zealand

Rights of Nature (RoN) represent an innovative form of environmental governance. However, the diverse application of RoN across varying socio-ecological contexts remains under-researched. This paper employs the “Roots of Rights” (RoR) approach for a comparative analysis. We examine RoN’s institutionalisation, implementation, and contestation in Germany and Aotearoa New Zealand, focusing on underlying relational values. Our analytical framework investigates two core dimensions: political dynamics of marginalisation and the role of relational approaches in the codification process. The findings reveal a fundamental divergence in RoN’s function. In Germany, RoN operates primarily as a radical theoretical tool. It is used by civil society to challenge the prevailing anthropocentric legal tradition. Conversely, legal personhood in New Zealand (e.g., Whanganui River) is a direct political product of Treaty Settlements. These frameworks serve the political self-determination and emancipation of Māori Iwi. Crucially, they codify a deeply-rooted, pre-existing relational worldview (tikanga). We conclude that RoN functions as a “thin” conceptual instrument in Germany, but as a ‘”hick”, politically instrumental means of securing non-hegemonic norms in New Zealand.

Understanding Community Perceptions of Climate Change and Mitigation Strategies: Evidence from Dakodwom, Ghana

Climate change has become a critical global concern due to its adverse impacts on both humans and the environment. In alignment with Sustainable Development Goal 13, which calls for urgent action to combat climate change and its effects, this study examines community perceptions of climate change in Ghana, using evidence from Dakodwom in the Ashanti Region. The study specifically aims to: (1) examine the association between perceived climate change and the perceptions of its causes within the Dakodwom community, (2) assess the association between perceived climate change, its indicators, and trends, (3) examine the determinants of perceived climate change, and (4) identify practices that could mitigate climate change–related challenges. A structured questionnaire comprising closed-ended questions was used to collect data. Pearson’s chi-square test was employed to determine the relationship between perceived climate change and its perceived causes, as well as to assess the significance of respondents’ perceptions of various climate indicators and trends. Binary logistic regression was further applied to identify the factors influencing perceived climate change. The findings reveal that respondents attribute perceived climate change primarily to burning, deforestation, vehicle emissions, industrial emissions, agricultural activities, and urbanization. Participants demonstrated statistically significant awareness of changes in rainfall patterns, temperature increases, wind activity, and extreme weather events, indicating noticeable environmental changes. The regression results show that employment status and awareness of activities such as burning, agricultural activities, and industrial emissions are the significant determinants of perceived climate change. Additionally, the study identifies recycling, composting, community education, and the adoption of innovative waste-management technologies as practical strategies with potential to mitigate climate change–related challenges. Based on these findings, local authorities and environmental agencies should prioritize investments in improved waste-management systems, community composting facilities, and green infrastructure initiatives, including tree planting and environmentally sustainable agricultural practices, to address the observed increases in temperature, wind activity, and extreme weather events.

A Lightweight and Efficient Authentication Scheme for the Internet of Drone Based on Cancelable Biometrics

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs is also known as drones) have significant applications in smart cities, and the information exchange between UAVs and the control server (CS) is conducted through wireless communication channels, which are susceptible to various security risks, such as network attacks and drone capture. To ensure the security and integrity of information in the Internet of Drones (IoD), identity authentication and key agreement protocols can be designed for protection. However, due to the unique characteristics of IoD, such as the extremely high mobility of drones in real scenarios and the resource constraints of drones, there is a need to meet the requirements for lightweight protocols. This paper proposes a strategy that uses cancelable biometric features to protect the biometric features of users during the authentication process. The method combines Fast Fourier Transform, Gaussian random projections, Position-Sensitive Hashing, fuzzy extractors, and Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF), meeting the security and lightweight needs of IoD authentication protocols. We use the Real-or-Random (ROR) model and the Avispa simulation tool to prove that our protocol is secure. Through comparative research, the proposed cancelable method has higher matching efficiency and better unlinkability, and our protocol offers higher security and faster computational efficiency.

Ecological Civilization (Eco-Civ) in the Perspective of Geographical Processes of Revitalization of Remote Rural Areas

The global urbanization process is currently taking diverse territorial forms, leading to increased consumption of rural space through the creation of eco-cities. Within this context of transformation and the shifting nature of urban spaces, concepts and ideological frameworks are emerging to address environmental degradation caused by population concentration. Ecological Civilization (eco-civ) originated in China as a broad framework for managing new territorial processes through the construction of new eco-cities or the development of a comprehensive rural revitalization program that strengthens the urban-rural relationship. The major questions arising from this new process of rural revitalization in Chinese territories—and from the very concept of ecological civilization—can be summarized as follows: a simplification of the countryside, a loss of rural identity, the emergence of a post-agrarian society, the urbanization of rural areas, and an exacerbation of urban dependence on rural areas. Consequently, alternative approaches are proposed, based on multiple place-based approaches and actions that develop and adapt the fundamental principles of environmental and spatial renewal to each specific territory.

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Extreme Rainstorm Events in China and Corresponding Population Exposure

In order to reveal the spatio-temporal evolution of extreme rainstorm events in China and the changing characteristics of population exposure in different periods, this study systematically explored the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of four indicators of extreme rainstorm frequency, duration, peak and cumulative amount, as well as the difference of population exposure to extreme rainstorm events in 2000 and 2020, based on the relevant data of extreme rainstorm and population distribution grid data from 2000 to 2020, using spatial analysis and trend analysis methods. The results show that in space, the frequency, peak value, and cumulative amount of extreme rainstorms are increasing from northwest to southeast, the southeast coast is a high value area, and there is almost no extreme rainstorm in the northwest arid area; The high-value areas of duration are concentrated in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and Northeast China. In terms of time, from 2000 to 2020, the frequency of extreme rainstorm in Northeast China increased, the southern part of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and other regions decreased, the peak value of rainstorm in North China Plain and the eastern coast increased, Taiwan Province showed a significant downward trend, and the change rate of rainstorm accumulation was stronger in the south and weaker in the north. In terms of spatial concentration, the high value concentration area of extreme rainstorms generally shifts to South China, while the low value concentration area is stably distributed in the northwest and part of the north. In terms of population exposure, the distribution characteristics of 2000 and 2020 are low in the northwest and high in the southeast, and the exposure of capital cities in southeast coastal provinces to extreme rainstorm frequency and peak in 2020 is significantly higher than that in 2000. Population migration and the evolution of extreme rainstorm events are the main driving factors. This study clarifies the temporal and spatial evolution law of extreme rainstorm events in China and the characteristics of population exposure change, which provides a scientific basis for regional extreme rainstorm disaster risk assessment, disaster prevention and mitigation planning, and optimization of population and urban development layout, and has important practical significance for improving the ability to respond to extreme climate events and ensuring regional population security and sustainable development.

Metallic Iron, (Rain)Water, and the City: A Handout for Researchers and Policymakers

This study aims to promote residential rainwater harvesting everywhere rain falls. It recalls the history of urban rainwater (stormwater) management while insisting on the origin of the perception that rainwater is not a relevant source of potable water. It also argues that where rainwater is polluted, it can be easily treated using frugal technologies such as filtration on metallic iron-based filters. The study notes that stormwater is precipitation that is not harvested. Thus, harvesting rainwater prevents (quantitative) stormwater generation, and transforms stormwater from a threat (e.g., erosion, floods) to a resource (e.g., drinking water, food security) for human and environmental needs. The effective management of stormwater (i) enhances the quality of human life, (ii) sustains local biodiversity, and (iii) protects the whole environment. Thus, the failure to harvest rainwater should be considered irresponsible, if not unethical. This argument alone makes each conscientious citizen a changemaker. A number of local changemakers will organize to determine the best way to integrate overflow from individual residences to enhance the community’s liveability. This study provides a valuable consolidation of information that will facilitate the mainstreaming of rainwater harvesting as the pillar of holistic integrated water resource management.

The Future of Environmentally Powered Gliders: Emerging Prospects and Trends

To address the endurance limitations of traditional electrically driven underwater gliders, which are constrained by onboard battery energy density, harnessing marine renewable energy for propulsion or supplemental power has emerged as a critical approach to overcoming their operational endurance bottleneck. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on underwater gliders powered by environmental energy sources, such as thermal and solar. It provides an in-depth analysis of the utilization mechanisms, core technologies, and current challenges associated with each energy type, with a focused exploration of technical pathways for achieving energy synergy and enhancing system endurance through multi-energy integration and intelligent energy management. Furthermore, this study is the first to establish a comprehensive technical evaluation framework for environmentally powered gliders from three dimensions: energy coupling, system design, and mission adaptability, offering a systematic reference for subsequent research. The paper also explores the application potential of this technology in advanced scenarios, such as long-term ocean observation and dynamic environmental monitoring. Future efforts should prioritize efficient multi-energy hybridization, dynamic energy management, and mission-adaptive control to comprehensively enhance the endurance and operational reliability of gliders in complex marine environments.

Gut Microbiota: A Novel Key to Enhancing the Therapeutic Efficacy of PD-1 Inhibitors