Precise labeling of alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells is essential for elucidating lung development and injury responses. In this study, we evaluated Abca3 and Etv5-based genetic strategies for labeling AT2 cells in murine models. Using targeted genetic approaches, we generated Abca3-rtTA and Etv5-rtTA knock-in mouse lines and crossed them with pTRE-H2BGFP to create inducible reporter models driven by Abca3 or Etv5. Labeling specificity and efficiency were assessed by flow cytometry and co-immunostaining. Our results show that both Abca3 and Etv5 strategies faithfully label AT2 cells across developmental stages and following lung injury. Comprehensive analyses confirmed the high specificity and efficiency of labeling. These Abca3- and Etv5-driven systems offer robust tools for investigating AT2 cell biology and pathology and may serve as effective drivers for tetO-mediated gene knockout or overexpression studies specifically in AT2 cells in mouse models.
Lung microvascular endothelial inflammation and barrier dysfunction play critical roles in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Despite recent scientific advances, the mortality of ALI/ARDS is still extremely high because the molecular mechanisms involved in ALI/ARDS remain unclear. In a recent issue of the journal Advanced Science, Baoyinna and colleagues reported that deubiquitinase USP30 induces lung microvascular inflammation and endothelial barrier disruption through the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) cycle, DNA methylation, and miR-30a-5p down-regulation in ALI/ARDS. Their findings provide a strong rationale for targeting microRNAs, S-adenosylmethionine, DNA methylation, and deubiquitinating enzymes as potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ALI/ARDS.
Greece confronts intensifying water scarcity driven by population growth, urbanization, tourism, and climate variability, despite its extensive coastline. Traditional sources are strained, with agriculture consuming ~80% of withdrawals (surface water ~38%, groundwater ~62%). Desalination, predominantly reverse osmosis (RO), offers a mature solution, already meeting 30–95% of domestic needs in Aegean islands, but its energy intensity challenge sustainability within the water–energy–food nexus. This study presents a geospatial framework to assess energy requirements for a hypothetical scenario in which seawater desalination fully supplies domestic water demand in Greece. High-resolution GIS data, WorldPop population grids, and hydrological networks enable estimation of daily demand (173 L/capita/day) and energy decomposition: desalination (SEC = 5 kWh/m3 SWRO), elevation pumping plus residual pressure (15 m head), and frictional losses. The hypothetical pipelines follow reverse natural drainage paths for realistic routing. Results highlight substantial spatial disparities: inland cities face significantly higher and more uniform energy costs (Ioannina: mean dynamic head 8.3 kWh/m3, ~43% higher than the coastal reference of Athens at 5.8 kWh/m3), driven by elevation and distance; coastal centres show lower means but greater variability (Athens: highest total ~3.35 GWh/day). In summary, fully supplying domestic water demand via desalination would necessitate an additional ~8% of the country’s total electricity consumption. Findings affirm desalination’s potential for coastal/island supply while revealing energy barriers inland.
This paper argues that since the Earth system is the organizational framework within which we find our place, and the ultimate arbitrator of ecological, social and economic sustainability and well-being, then any strategy that would deliver a prosperous, functional and flourishing future must circle around the properties of this complex system and be aware of the implications of these characteristics for our own activities and decisions. To do otherwise would be a strategy of doubtful value. The nature of the Earth system is then explored. We examine the global and the local aspects of this system, in terms of many worlds in one world, the pluriverse. The ecological, social, and economic pluriverses are seen to be nested within one another, and are each emergent entities that arise from the Earth system as a whole. The economies of the biosphere are examined across individual, population, community, and ecosystem levels, across a range of biomes, each of which is specialized in accordance with local conditions. In terms of human economic activities, it is suggested that regional strategies and policies are required, rather than global approaches such as the sustainable development goals. These must be designed to maximize ecosystem functioning and human well-being, which are themselves required for successful net economic growth. Furthermore, human economic activity in each region should resonate with the natural economies in that region. Finally, this thinking is applied to the urban setting, drawing on the work of Geddes and Magnaghi, exploring this in terms of the Earth system and its emergent local outcomes, the ecological, social, and economic pluriverse.
β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), a non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by various cyanobacteria, has emerged as a significant concern in the context of the One Health framework due to its neurotoxic effects and potential ecological and public health implications. Cyanobacteria, found ubiquitously in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial environments, can contaminate water sources and food chains with different toxins, including BMAA, which can produce a sinergic action with other environmental neurotoxic contaminants (such as Methylmercury) and other cyanotoxins, such as Microcystins. Human exposure occurs primarily through the consumption of contaminated drinking water and aquatic food products. BMAA accumulation in neural tissues has been linked to the degeneration of motor neurons and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, mimicking pathological features observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer’s disease. This exposure is associated with a spectrum of symptoms, collectively termed ALS/parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS/PDC), characterized by progressive muscular paralysis, rigidity, cognitive decline, and ultimately, fatal outcomes. The increasing prevalence of cyanobacteria blooms, driven by climate change and anthropogenic factors, underscores the urgent need for comprehensive research into BMAA toxicity, environmental monitoring, and mitigation strategies. This work shows BMAA contamination data of fish fauna living in several Italian lakes affected by recurrent cyanobacterial blooms, quantified by Elisa Assay. It also explores the emerging issue of BMAA contamination from a One Health perspective, highlighting its multifaceted impact on ecosystems, animal health, and human well-being.
