Grinding is widely used in orthopedic surgery to remove bone tissue material, but due to the complex and brittle structure of bone, it is prone to mechanical stresses that cause cracks and damage to the bone tissue. Furthermore, bone replacement materials typically have high hardness, strength, and brittleness, which lead to increased tool wear and damage, such as cracks and deformation during grinding. Therefore, ensuring the surface quality of bone and replacement materials during the grinding process has become a critical issue. This necessitates the development of grinding force models that consider various processing parameters, such as feed rate and cutting depth, to guide industrial production. However, currently, research on the grinding force prediction models for bone tissue and its replacement materials is relatively scarce, and there is a lack of corresponding grinding force model reviews for unified guidance. Based on this, this article focuses on bone grinding technology and, conducts a critical comparative analysis of the grinding force models for bone tissue and its replacement materials, and then summarizes the grinding force prediction models in the grinding process of bone tissue and bone replacement materials. First, according to the material types and material removal mechanisms, the materials are categorized into bone tissue, bio-inert ceramics, and bio-alloys, and the material removal process during grinding is analyzed. Subsequently, the grinding force prediction models for each material and the accuracy errors of each model are summarized. The paper also reviews the application of these grinding force prediction models, explaining how processing parameters such as feed rate and cutting depth influence grinding forces and their interrelationship. Finally, in light of the current issues in the grinding of bone tissue and replacement materials, potential future research directions are proposed, aiming to provide theoretical guidance and technical support for improving the grinding quality of bone tissue and its replacement materials.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are transforming manufacturing processes, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance sustainability and environmental stewardship. This comprehensive review analyzes the transformative impact of AI technologies on sustainable manufacturing, focusing on critical applications, including energy optimization, predictive maintenance, waste reduction, and circular economy implementation. Through systematic analysis of current research and industry practices, the study examines both the opportunities and challenges in deploying AI-driven solutions for sustainable manufacturing. The findings provide strategic insights for researchers, industry practitioners, and policymakers working towards intelligent and sustainable manufacturing systems while elucidating emerging trends and future directions in this rapidly evolving field.
The deubiquitinating enzyme cylindromatosis (CYLD) plays a fundamental role in regulating T cell development and activation. Previous studies have shown that CYLD is associated with autophagy, while AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway regulates the development of autophagy and affects cell metabolism. However, the mechanism by which CYLD affects autophagy and whether it affects the downstream metabolism of AMPKα remains unclear. In this study, we used the CYLD gene knockout model in Jurkat cells to investigate the mechanism of CYLD and autophagy and its relationship with cellular metabolism. The results show that CYLD deletion promotes autophagy through AMPKα/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway, promotes mitochondrial autophagy to improve mitochondrial function and attenuates cell lipid metabolism in Jurkat cells.
Fluvial floodplains are water-land transitional zones, playing an important role in hydrological and ecological systems. To date, the phosphorus migration and transformation in floodplain sediments remain elusive, which poses a large effect on river nutrient levels and primary productivity. This review summarized the sedimentary characteristics of floodplains and analyzed the spatial differences and temporal variations in phosphorus distribution. We further analyzed their potential change in floodplains under various conditions, determining the sedimentation and mineralization process of phosphorus. Meanwhile, phosphorus in the sediment will experience dynamic fluctuation as a source or sink of fluvial floodplains based on varying factors, including hydrological conditions, climate variations, biological activity, and pedological characteristics. In particular, the productivity and community population in floodplains, like vegetation and fishes, will be primarily associated with the periodic changes in phosphorus through food chain. Lastly, this review provided corresponding perspectives on improving the phosphorus administration in river floodplains based on existing problems. In total, it is anticipated that it will enhance the understanding of phosphorus resources or sink in the fluvial floodplains, contributing to the stability of aquatic ecosystems.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic fibrosing interstitial disease of unknown origin, characterized by radiological and histological features consistent with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). It is marked by a progressive worsening of dyspnea and a decline in lung function. Both IPF and PPF are comparable because they have poor prognoses with a median survival time from diagnosis of around 2–4 years without antifibrotic therapy. This review shows the main specific characteristics and differences of epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical and radiological features, treatment, and prognosis of IPF and PPF.
